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Economic Geology; December 2004; v. 99; no. 8; p. 1793-1800; DOI: 10.2113/99.8.1793
© 2004 Society of Economic Geologists
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Scientific Communications

GIANT HYDROTHERMAL HEMATITE DEPOSITS WITH Mg-Fe METASOMATISM: A COMPARISON OF THE CARAJÁS, HAMERSLEY, AND OTHER IRON ORES

Hilke Dalstra{dagger}

Rio Tinto Exploration Pty., Ltd., 37 Belmont Avenue, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia

Sergio Guedes

CVRD, Cia Vale do Rio Doce, GAJAN, Mina de N4E, Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil

{dagger} Corresponding author: e-mail, hilke.dalstra{at}riotinto.com

The genesis of banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted high-grade hematite deposits has been debated for nearly a century. Recent worldwide recognition of magnetite- and/or hematite-, carbonate-, and talc-rich mineralization, deep below the modern weathering in these deposits, and recognition of Mg-Fe metasomatism in wall rocks implies that hydrothermal upgrading preceded supergene formation of the economic ores. The protores show a systematic mineralogical variation that may reflect the temperature and depth of ore formation. The deepest deposits are characterized by magnetite-silicate (carbonate) assemblages (Krivoy Rog). Intermediate deposits have a combination of magnetite-carbonate and hematite-carbonate assemblages (Mt. Tom Price), and the shallowest deposits are characterized by hematite-dolomite (calcite) assemblages (Carajás, Thabazimbi).




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