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Economic Geology; September 2006; v. 101; no. 6; p. 1103-1115; DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.6.1103
© 2006 Society of Economic Geologists
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A Basin System and Fluid-Flow Analysis of the Zn-Pb-Ag Mount Isa-Type Deposits of Northern Australia: Identifying Metal Source, Basinal Brine Reservoirs, Times of Fluid Expulsion, and Organic Matter Reactions

Peter N. Southgate1,{dagger}, T. Kurtis Kyser2, Deborah L. Scott3, Ross R. Large4, Suzanne D. Golding5 and Paul A. Polito6

1 Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
2 Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
3 Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
4 CODES, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
5 Earth Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
6 Anglo American Exploration Australia, Suite 1, 16 Brodie Hall Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

{dagger} Corresponding author: e-mail, peter.southgate@ga.gov.au

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.


   Introduction
 
Paleoproterozoic rocks of northern Australia host one of the world’s largest base metal repositories and are the world’s most important zinc repository. The McArthur-Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral belt contains several world-class Zn-Pb-Ag, U, Cu, and Cu-Au deposits (Ewers and Fergusson, 1980; Williams, 1998; Betts et al., 2003; Large et al., 2005; Fig. 1Go). The province has the potential to host additional base metal and uranium reserves. Advances in exploration techniques in the 1980s led to the discovery of several major new Zn and Cu-Au deposits, including Cannington, Century, Ernest Henry, and Osborne. However, recent exploration results have been disappointing and new exploration strategies are required if the region is to further its growth potential and if new resources are to be realized beneath shallow cover.


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  		FIG. 1. Map of northeastern Australia, showing the principal tectonostratigraphic subdivisions for the region. The map highlights the areas of study covered by the thematic papers in this volume and the location of the principal Zn-Pb-Ag, Cu, and Cu-Au deposits. The locations of profiles P1 and P2, the Comalco seismic grid, and deep boreholes including Desert Creek 1 are shown in the inset map (bottom left).

 
Between 1975 to 1995 geoscientists from Geoscience Australia, the Geological Survey of Queensland, and the Northern Territory Geological Survey mapped the Paleoproterozoic outcrop belt of northern Australia at a scale of 1:100,000. Subsequently, researchers at Monash University undertook detailed studies of the deformation history of the Mount Isa block, placing the ore deposits within a tectonic context (e.g., O’Dea et al., 1997; Betts et al., 1998, 2003; Betts and Lister, 2002). Researchers at James Cook University carried out structural, metamorphic and mineralization studies across the Mount Isa block, with their principal focus concentrating on the deposits and their immediate environs (Bell . . . [Full Text of this Article]




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